FISEKON GmbH – Fischer Elektrokonstruktion

07 — Tools

Short-circuit current at the transformer

The short-circuit current determines the breaking capacity the downstream protective devices need. For a first estimate, three figures from the transformer nameplate are enough.

Input

As stated on the nameplate.

Result

Short-circuit current at the terminals
kA
Rated current
A
Ratio Iₖ / Iᵣ

A guide, not a design to standard. The applicable standards and case-by-case verification govern.

Worked example

The default case the calculator starts with, worked through once. Change the values above and it recalculates immediately.

Inputs

Rated apparent power
630 kVA
Nominal voltage, low-voltage side
400 V
Short-circuit voltage uₖ
6 %

Result

Short-circuit current at the terminals
15.2 kA
Rated current
909 A
Ratio Iₖ / Iᵣ
16.7

Formula

  • Iᵣ = Sᵣ / (√3 · Uᵣ)
  • Iₖ = Iᵣ / (uₖ / 100)

Assumptions and standards

  • The calculation assumes an infinitely strong upstream source – the real network limits the current further, so the result is on the safe side.
  • Only the transformer is considered, not cables, busbars or motor contribution.
  • A binding design requires calculation to IEC 60909.

Frequently asked

Why is the value higher than in the network study?

Because the upstream network impedance is neglected here. In practice it reduces the short-circuit current, often by 5 to 15 %. For selecting breaking capacity, erring high is the right direction.

What does uk on the nameplate mean?

The voltage that has to be applied on the high-voltage side so that rated current flows on the low-voltage side under short circuit – given as a percentage of nominal voltage. A small uk means a high short-circuit current.

Calculating is the easy part.

A formula gives you a number. Designing a plant also demands installation method, grouping, discrimination, the standards in force and a look at the installed base. That is what we take on.

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