FISEKON GmbH – Fischer Elektrokonstruktion

03 — Tools

Calculate motor current

The nameplate states shaft power – but sizing cable, contactor and protective device needs the current. Efficiency belongs in the calculation: it is the difference between what the motor delivers and what it draws.

Input

As stated on the nameplate.

Result

Rated current
A
Apparent power
kVA
Electrical active power
kW
Starting current, direct on lineAssumed at 6 times rated current.
A

A guide, not a design to standard. The applicable standards and case-by-case verification govern.

Worked example

The default case the calculator starts with, worked through once. Change the values above and it recalculates immediately.

Inputs

System
Three-phase (3~)
Shaft power
7.5 kW
Nominal voltage
400 V
Power factor cos φ
0.86
Efficiency η
90 %

Result

Rated current
14 A
Apparent power
9.69 kVA
Electrical active power
8.33 kW
Starting current, direct on line
83.9 A

Formula

  • Three-phase: I = (P / η) / (√3 · U · cos φ)
  • Single-phase: I = (P / η) / (U · cos φ)
  • S = P / (η · cos φ)

Assumptions and standards

  • P is the shaft power (mechanical output) from the nameplate.
  • Starting current is assumed at 6 times rated current – a common guide value for direct-on-line starting. The actual figure is in the data sheet and lies between 4 and 8 times.
  • Sizing the protective device also depends on the starting time.

Frequently asked

Why is the current higher than the rule of thumb “2 × kW”?

The 400 V rule of thumb ignores efficiency and power factor. For a 7.5 kW motor with cos φ 0.86 and 90 % efficiency the rated current is around 14 A rather than 15 A – so the rule of thumb lands above or below depending on the motor.

Which cos φ should I use?

The nameplate value at rated load. At partial load it drops considerably – a motor running permanently at half load has a markedly worse power factor.

Calculating is the easy part.

A formula gives you a number. Designing a plant also demands installation method, grouping, discrimination, the standards in force and a look at the installed base. That is what we take on.

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33428 Marienfeld (Harsewinkel)
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33332 Gütersloh

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